An inheritance is more than a transfer of assets; it is a turning point – emotionally, organisationally and fiscally. Many heirs suddenly find themselves faced with decisions that have far-reaching legal and personal implications.

This article guides you through the most important issues following an inheritance in **ten** steps – from the initial formalities to strategic succession planning.

Step 1: Sort out the formalities and secure the documents

The first priority is not tax, but organisation. Gathering all relevant documents at an early stage lays the foundation for all subsequent decisions.

Important initial steps:

  • Apply for a death certificate at the registry office.
  • Secure the will or inheritance agreement, bank documents, insurance policies, land registry extracts, loan agreements and tax documents.
  • Ensure access to documents and accounts so that nothing is lost.

If a will is found, you must submit it to the probate court immediately.

Step 2: Clarify who the heirs are

Before any decisions can be made, it must be clear who has legally become an heir.

The probate court officially opens any existing wills; in the absence of a will, statutory succession applies. In practice, the following serve as proof:

  • Certificate of inheritance
  • Notarised will with the court’s opening record.

This step provides legal certainty and prevents future disputes, particularly where there are several potential heirs, blended families or international implications.

Step 3: Accept or renounce the inheritance

One of the most important decisions comes early – often sooner than expected. A decision must be made within six weeks as to whether the inheritance is to be accepted or renounced.

Key points:

  • An inheritance always comprises assets and debts.
  • Unless an active decision is made, the inheritance is deemed to have been accepted once the deadline has passed.
  • If the financial situation is unclear or there are potential debts, you should definitely seek professional advice.

This is precisely where specialist advice can help identify risks and limit liability.

Step 4: Gain an overview of the assets

Once it has been clarified who the heir is, the focus shifts to the contents of the estate. The aim is to draw up as complete an ‘inventory’ as possible of the inherited assets.

This typically includes:

  • Bank and securities assets
  • Property (flats, houses, land, overseas property)
  • Business interests or practice assets
  • Insurance policies (life, pension and accident insurance)
  • Valuables such as art, jewellery or classic cars.

This overview forms the basis for civil law decisions (e.g. the division of the estate) and for the valuation of inheritance tax.

Step 5: Check debts and liability risks

In parallel with the assets, the deceased’s liabilities must also be determined.

These may include:

  • Bank loans and private loans
  • Outstanding tax debts and ongoing tax proceedings
  • Guarantees, rent arrears, trade payables
  • Any claims for damages.

Based on this overview, you should decide whether accepting the inheritance makes financial sense or whether you should limit your liability or seriously consider renouncing the inheritance.

Step 6: Organising the community of heirs

If several people have become heirs, they automatically form a community of heirs.

Key issues at this stage:

  • Clarifying roles (who coordinates, who communicates with advisers and banks?)
  • Ensure transparency regarding assets and liabilities
  • Agreeing on a joint approach to property, businesses or securities.

Early mediation and professional support can help to avoid family conflicts and ensure decisions are made in a structured manner.

Step 7: Keep an eye on inheritance tax

By now at the latest, you should actively factor in the tax implications.

In particular, the following need to be clarified:

  • Which assets are subject to inheritance tax?
  • What allowances are available to each heir?
  • What valuation principles apply to property and business assets?

Specialist advisers such as Hergen Kassuba can help you calculate inheritance tax, make the most of tax allowances and identify planning options.

Step 8: Prepare and submit the inheritance tax return

Heirs are obliged to notify the tax office of the inheritance and – where necessary – to submit an inheritance tax return.

This requires:

  • A complete list of the estate’s assets and liabilities
  • Valuation documents, particularly for property and businesses
  • Evidence of allowances and tax exemptions.

This is where the thorough preparatory work carried out in steps 1–5 pays off immediately.

Step 9: Organising and distributing the estate

Once the legal framework and tax issues have been clarified, the focus shifts to the practical distribution and structuring of the estate.

Typical issues:

  • Transfer of property within the family
  • Continuing, selling or transferring a business
  • Equalisation payments between co-heirs
  • A sensible combination of inheritance and subsequent gifts.

Forward-looking planning can help reduce both tax burdens and family tensions.

Step 10: Plan your own succession in good time

Anyone who has experienced just how complex an inheritance can be often thinks differently about their own succession.

It makes sense to:

  • Draft a will or inheritance contract that is legally and fiscally sound
  • Consider gifts and advance transfers at an early stage
  • Involve family members transparently to avoid conflicts.

It is precisely here that advice from experts such as Hergen Kassuba combines the emotional dimension with a clear tax and legal structure.

Final thoughts

An inheritance is an exceptional situation – but with the right structure, it becomes manageable. By consciously following steps 1–10, you create clarity, reduce risks and can capitalise on the opportunities presented by wealth succession.

Would you like me to tailor the article even more closely to the tax perspective (e.g. focusing on inheritance tax allowances and common mistakes)?

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